Adult fractures

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Understanding Fractures and Dislocations: First Aid and Treatment

Types of Bone Injuries

Fractures: These are cracks or breaks in bones.

  • Closed Fractures: Bones are completely broken but do not puncture the skin.
  • Compound Fractures: Bones puncture through the skin's surface.
  • Complicated Fractures: Nerve damage may also occur.

Dislocations: Occur when a joint is forcibly separated.

Causes of Bone Injuries

Bone fractures can result from various causes, such as falls, impacts, joint injuries, or crushing forces. The severity of a fracture may vary, and hospital assessment is often necessary for confirmation.

Recognizing Bone Fractures

Common Signs and Symptoms:

  • Pain: Severe discomfort typically accompanies fractures.
  • Deformity: Visible misalignment or abnormal shape of the affected area.
  • Bruising and Swelling: Surrounding tissues may show signs of injury.
  • Mobility Issues: Difficulty moving the injured limb or joint.

The specific indicators depend on the location and type of fracture.

Types of Fractures

Categorizing Bone Fractures:

  • Closed Fractures: Bones may have small cracks or be entirely broken without skin penetration.
  • Stable Fractures: Bone ends remain in place and do not shift; common in areas like the shoulder, wrist, ankle, or hip.
  • Unstable Fractures: Bone ends may shift, requiring careful immobilization to prevent further damage.
  • Open Fractures: Bones protrude through the skin, often causing additional complications like severe bleeding.

Treatment and First Aid

Immediate Response:

  • Immobilisation: Keep the limb or joint in its found position to minimize pain and damage.
  • Seek Professional Help: Contact medical professionals promptly for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Note: Open fractures may lead to excessive bleeding and emotional distress, requiring specialized care.

Learning Outcomes:
  • IPOSi Unit three LO1.1, 1.2 & 2.1